The state covers an area of 22,327 square kilometres (8,621 sq mi). Its people include the Naga, Meetei, Kuki, Zomi and Pangal peoples, who speak different types of Sino-Tibetan languages.
Manipur has been at the crossroads of Asian economic and cultural exchange for more than 2,500 years.[3][page needed] It has long connected the Indian subcontinent to Southeast Asia, enabling migration of people, cultures and religions.[4][page needed] It has also witnessed many wars, including fighting during World War II.
During the British Raj, the Kingdom of Manipur was one of the princely states.[5][page needed] Between 1917 and 1939, the people of Manipur pressed for their rights against the British Rule. By the late 1930s, the princely state of Manipur negotiated with the British administration its preference to be part of India, rather than Burma.[6][page needed] These negotiations were cut short with the outbreak of World War II. On 21 September 1949, Maharaja Budhachandra signed a Treaty of Accession merging the kingdom into India. This merger is disputed by various groups in Manipur as having been completed without consensus and under duress.
The dispute and differing visions for the future has resulted in a 50-year insurgency in the state for independence from India, as well as in violence between different ethnic groups within the state.[7] Over 2010–2013, the militant insurgency was responsible for the violent death of about 1 civilian per 100,000 people, each year.[8] The world's average annual death rate from intentional violence has been 7.9 per 100,000 people.[9]
The Meetei ethnic group,[10] constitute a plurality of the population, with 27% of the total. The language of the Meetei people, Meitei (or Manipuri), is the lingua franca in Manipur. By comparison, indigenous tribal peoples constitute 30% of the state population; they are distinguished by dialects and culture that are often village-based. Manipur's various ethnic groups practice a variety of religions, including Christianity.[11]
Manipur has primarily an agrarian economy, with significant hydroelectric power generation potential. It is connected to other areas by daily flights through Imphal airport, the second largest airport in northeastern India.[12]
Manipur is credited with introducing Polo to Europeans.
Manipur
Manipur (English pronunciation: Listeni/ˌmənɪpʊr/) is a state in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. Manipur, is sometimes referred to, by alternative names such as Kangleipak or Sanaleibak.[2] It is bounded by Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south, and Assam to the west; Burma lies to its east.
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